With the continuous advancement of national emergency management system and capacity modernization，the disaster prevention and reduction system reform has ushered in a new historical opportunity. In this paper，based on the combination of transverse and longitudinal historical perspective，using the method of literature research，first briefly reviews the historical evolution since the founding of new China’s disaster prevention and mitigation system reform，the second focuses on combing and analysis of 2019 China’s disaster prevention disaster relief system reform trends and key points of the reform of the disaster prevention and mitigation system reform in 2020 put forward some proactive Suggestions and opinions. Through research，the author believes that the system reform of disaster prevention and reduction in New China has gone through three historical stages：starting from scratch，developing and deepening，and has completed the historical transformation from scratch，from closed to open，and from single to multiple. The structural reform of disaster prevention and reduction in 2019 is characterized by modernization，socialization and internationalization. As for the specific reform points，we will focus on building a vertical disaster prevention and reduction system that is under overall planning and with clear rights and responsibilities；continue to improve a horizontal disaster prevention and reduction system that is based on territorial management and cross-regional coordination；and continue to set up an outward disaster prevention and relief system that is interconnected and multi-dimensional. The related research results will provide new insights for the structural reform of disaster prevention and reduction.