The central government clearly put forward that social organizations are an important force in poverty alleviation，and the demonstration of national and provincial social organizations should play a leading role in poverty alleviation. Based on the data of 56 national public funds and relevant literature，it is found that：the national social organizations involved in poverty alleviation have broken through the traditional simple mode of money and material assistance，and began to explore more professional and sustainable direction in the fields of livelihood development，education，medical care，relocation，etc.，and achieved positive social results. At the same time，the participation of national social organizations in poverty alleviation is also facing the challenges of insufficient capacity，industry services and policy support.