The cooperation China-Africa is currently at a new starting point. China needs Africa and Africa needs China. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the economic and trade cooperation between China and Africa over the past 40 years. It can be seen that the trade of China-Africa can be divided into three stages，that is gradual improvement，rapid development and structural adjustment，and each stage has different characteristics；The country distribution is still highly concentrated on trade structure，and the product structure is complementary and stable. At the same time，the scale of China’s investment in Africa is expanding，the investment industry is increasingly diversified，and the geographical coverage of investment is high，but the region is not balanced. Based on the cooperation reality of trade and investment between China and Africa，and also the “One Belt，One Road” initiative is expanding to attract African countries，the economic and trade cooperation of China-Africa has a broad space. At the same time，African commodity export competitiveness has gradually increased，and the export structure to China has gradually improved. The docking cooperation in the fields of light industry，electric power and infrastructure has gradually strengthened. The platform effect of the China-Africa economic and trade cooperation zone has gradually emerged，and its industrial agglomeration effect has been strengthened. China and Africa will work together to open a new journey，go deeper and longer，and raise economic and trade cooperation to a higher level in the second 40 years.