金融科技的发展和应用对传统金融监管体制、理念和方法提出了重大挑战,也直接推动了监管科技的发展,为监管部门主动提出构建科技和数字驱动型的监管模式提供了可能。在2008年国际金融危机后,以机构监管和功能监管为核心的监管模式发生演变,功能监管模式和行为监管模式开始受到越来越多的重视,尤其是国际上金融科技和监管科技的发展和应用实践表明,监管部门需要加强对金融科技和监管科技应用的顶层设计,重视和鼓励金融科技和监管科技的创新导向,重视微观金融信息的基础性工作,提升金融信息在金融监管中的作用。
金融信息服务主体是金融活动的一部分,但并非全部属于金融活动。金融信息服务监管既需要依托现有金融监管体制,同时也需要有不同侧重点和其自身特色。金融信息服务的跨领域特性和金融分业监管基础上的有限集中体制决定了应建立一种分散型协同监管体制,即根据金融信息是侧重金融属性还是侧重资讯传媒属性,分别针对侧重于金融活动的金融信息服务和侧重于资讯活动的金融信息服务,建立由中国人民银行和国家互联网信息办公室牵头的协同监管体制,不同监管部门针对具体业务进行监管,并推动由协同监管走向合作监管,避免监管真空和过度监管。在此基础上,应推动从机构监管转向功能监管,实现功能监管与机构监管的合作协调发展;积极主动应用监管科技,针对金融信息服务的重点领域实施行为监管,并加快推进监管科技与行为监管标准规范数字化、监管科技与监管工具开发应用和监管科技与监管信息平台建设;同时,针对高风险、强创新和对金融消费者影响大的业务,探索建立金融信息服务的监管沙盒模式。
<<The development and application of financial technology pose great challenge to the system,concepts and methods of traditional financial regulation,directly promote the development of regulatory technology,and provide a possibility for the regulatory authorities to actively propose the construction of a technology- and digital-driven regulation mode. After the international financial crisis in 2008,the regulation mode with institutional regulation and functional regulation as the core has evolved,more and more attention has been paid to the functional regulation and behavioral regulation mode. Especially,the development and application practices of international financial technology and regulatory technology show that,the regulatory authorities should strengthen the top-level design of financial technology and regulatory technology application,attach importance to and encourage the innovation orientation of financial technology and regulatory technology,pay attention to the basic work of micro-financial information,and enhance the role of financial information in financial regulation.
Financial information service is generally part of financial activity,but not all of it belongs to financial activity. Financial information service regulation needs not only to rely on the existing financial regulation system,but also to have different priorities and its own characteristics. The cross-domain of financial information service and the limited centralized system based on the separate regulation determine that a decentralized collaborative regulation system should be established,that is,according to whether financial information focuses on financial attributes or on media attributes,establish the coordinated regulation system led by the People’s Bank of China and the State Internet Information Office for the financial information service focusing on financial activity or information activity respectively. Different regulation departments supervise specific businesses,and promote the transition from coordinated regulation to cooperative regulation,so as to avoid regulation vacuum and over-regulation. On this basis,we should promote the transition from institutional regulation to functional regulation,realize the coordinated development of functional regulation and institutional regulation;actively apply regulatory technology,implement behavioral regulation for key areas of financial information service,and accelerate the digitization of regulatory technology and conduct regulation standards,the development and application of regulatory technology and regulatory tools,and the regulatory technology and regulatory information platform construction;at the same time,aiming at the business with high risk,strong innovation and great impact on financial consumers,explore the establishment of “regulatory sandbox” mode of financial information service.
<<Keywords: | Financial Regulation ModeFinancial Information ServiceRegulatory SandboxRegulatory TechnologyBehavioral Regulation |