This report analyzes the basic situation，existing problems and reasons of China’s production factor distribution from 2016 to 2019. In general，from 2016 to 2019，the diversified trend of income sources of urban and rural residents has been further accelerated，and the system of distribution of production factors such as capital，land，knowledge，technology，and management has been further established. The production factors are distributed according to their contribution to national income. The market-oriented mechanism has been initially established. At the same time，there are still some noticeable problems，mainly due to the mismatch between the contribution of production factors and income，the high return of capital，and the low return of non-capital factors such as labor and technology；policies that effectively implement market-oriented distribution，such as equity incentives，have not been effectively implemented or lack of policies；the basic institutional rules for data，the new production factor，to participate in the distribution have not yet been established；unreasonable gaps due to illegal income derived from power，monopolies，and unfair competition are still large. The direct cause of the above problems is mainly the low overall rate of return of various production factors，and the underlying reason is that domestic labor productivity is still low compared with most of the developed countries.