2019 is the first year of the implementation of the new science，technology，and innovation（STI）policies after the new Brazilian government came to power. Brazil regards STI as a crucial task of national development，and has formulated a series of new strategies and policies，such as the 5G Network Strategy，the National Program of IoT，the Science into Campus Plan，and the National Innovation Policy. It also clarifies key development areas such as aviation and information technology. And focuses on promoting international STI corporations both bilaterally such as with China and the United States，and multilaterally，for instance，under the framework of the BRICS cooperation mechanism. In 2019，Brazil’s STI development has made remarkable achievements，but also faces great challenges. The biggest challenge is the lack of funds. The Federal Government’s order on freezing research funds has affected the new appointed Minister of Science，Technology，Innovation and Communication Marcos Cesar Pontes in implementing his governance objectives. It seems still hopeless for Brazil to achieve a qualitative leap relying on its STI development under the conditions that R&D funding is quite limited.