On the basis of reviewing the history of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）in the prevention and treatment of epidemic diseases，this paper reviews the role of scientific research of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）during the period of Srar and Xinguan epidemic，so as to summarize the cognitive rules of TCM Prevention and treatment of epidemic diseases，and explore the treatment experience in different periods，so as to provide reference for TCM scientific research on the diagnosis and treatment of new infectious diseases in the future. In the future，the scientific research and development of Chinese medicine anti epidemic should focus on the following aspects：strengthening the basic theoretical research of traditional Chinese medicine；improving the scientific research mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine；strengthening the integration of clinical and scientific research；establishing the normal research on epidemic disease of traditional Chinese medicine；and carrying out international cooperation in scientific research of traditional Chinese medicine.