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    中国金融监管:2019年重大事件评述及2020年展望

    摘要

    2019年是新中国成立70周年,金融改革发展取得积极进展,金融体系不断深化供给侧结构性改革,金融业整体保持平稳发展态势。2019年中国金融监管体系在全局性任务、机制性改革和结构性优化等方面取得较为显著的成绩,金融监管体系与金融改革发展之间的匹配度不断提高。防范化解金融风险攻坚战取得阶段性成果,各个重大金融风险环节的风险水平均存在一定程度的下滑,成功守住了不发生系统性金融风险的底线。金融服务实体经济取得了积极进展,金融部门对小微企业和民营企业的支持较为精准,措施较为多元,力度较为强劲,为小微企业和民营经济发展提供了较好的货币金融环境。金融体制机制改革不断深入,金融市场开放取得重大新进展,贷款市场报价利率形成机制、“三档两优”存款准备金制度等不断优化,以科创板开通和注册制试点为重要支撑的多层次资本市场建设持续深化。银行保险公司治理体系监管、保险公司资产负债管理监管等微观监管不断强化、深化和优化。2020年是全面建成小康社会和“十三五”规划收官之年,金融改革将以高质量发展为指引,坚持以金融供给侧结构性改革为主线,强化宏观审慎政策与微观监管政策的互动,继续打好防范化解金融风险攻坚战,有效处置重要环节风险,同时加大金融部门对防控新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的支持力度。

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    Abstract

    2019 is the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Positive progress has been made in financial reform and development. The financial system continues to deepen supply-side structural reform,maintaining a stable development trend as a whole. In 2019,China’s financial regulation system has made remarkable achievements in risk relief,institutional reform and structural optimization. The battle to prevent and resolve systemic financial risks has achieved phased results,and the risk level of major financial risks has declined to varying degrees,firmly holding the bottom line of no systemic financial risks. The financial services for real economy has made positive progress. The financial sector’s support for small and micro enterprises and private enterprises is more accurate,more diversified,and stronger,which provides a better monetary and financial environment for the economic development. The reform of the financial system has been deepened,and significant new progress has been made in the opening up of the financial market. The formation mechanism of the loan prime rate and the reform of reserve deposit requirement have been continuously optimized. The establishment of a multi-level capital market,supported by the opening of the STAR Market and the pilot of the registration system,has been continuously deepened. The supervision of governance structure and asset liability management has been strengthened. Novel coronavirus accidently out broken in 2020 and put essential pressure on financial stability in China and abroad. The financial reform and opening up will be guided by the requirements of high quality development and the main line of supply-side structural reform. The macro prudential and micro regulation coordination should be deepened. We should continue to relieve financial risks and effectively keep the bottom line,while increasing the financial sector’s support of fighting the new coronavirus pneumonia.

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    作者简介
    郑联盛:郑联盛,经济学博士,副研究员,中国社会科学院金融研究所金融风险与金融监管研究室主任,中国社会科学院金融法律与金融监管研究基地副主任,主要研究方向为宏观经济、金融监管和金融创新等。
    于臻谞:于臻谞,中国社会科学院研究生院硕士研究生,主要研究方向为宏观经济、金融风险和金融监管。
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