自由贸易港基础性法律是能够比较全面地调整涉及自由贸易港主要法律关系的法律,其可以采用针对自由贸易港的单一的法律及其实施性行政法规的形式,也可以采用一般法上的原则性条款加上若干特别法及其实施性行政法规的形式。美国“对外贸易区”法律中的具体规定有较强的典范意义,为之后各个国家和地区的自由贸易港基础性法律所效仿。本文综合梳理美国“对外贸易区”法律,以及新加坡、迪拜、中国香港等国际上公认的具有典型意义与代表性的自由贸易港所适用的自由贸易港基础性法律,以及韩国等典型大陆法系国家制定的自由贸易港基础性法律,对我国在国家层面和地方层面制定自由贸易港基础性法律时提供了宝贵的立法启示。
<<Free trade ports’ fundamental law are legal documents which are able to comprehensively adjust on the main legal relationship of free trade ports. The content which free trade ports’ fundamental law should have includes substantive and procedural requirements of setting up of free trade ports,the management system of free trade ports(especially the legal position of relevant market subjects and government institutions,as well as the legal status of free trade ports’ management organizations and authorities),personnel management and facility management inside free trade ports(mainly concerns conditions that residents and staffs should possess,and rights and obligations of subjects who maintaining all kinds of infrastructure constructions),management of goods in free trade ports(including special provisions on cargo inbound and outbound management legal system),investment management in free trade ports(mainly concerns forms and conditions of setting up enterprises in free trade port,as well as special treatments of these enterprises and their employees). When Chinese free trade ports’ fundamental law are enacted at national level and local level,content above should be included as much as possible.
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