As we all know，China has been a big agricultural country since ancient times，but at present it is faced with such problems as poor scientific literacy of the agricultural population，relatively backward agricultural science and technology，and lagging rural development，all of which calls for agricultural science popularization. As the place converging agricultural knowledge and agricultural researchers，and the cradle of agricultural science and technology，the agricultural scientific research institutions should have been given full play in agricultural science popularization work. However，they are faced with restrictions in various ways. Starting with the effect of scientific popularization activities conducted by agricultural scientific research institutions on the development of farmers，agriculture，and rural areas，this paper puts forward the main countermeasures to strengthen the effectiveness of scientific popularization work in agricultural scientific research institutions based on the analysis of the current situation and main restricting factors of scientific popularization in agricultural scientific research institutions，so as to promote the popularization of agricultural science and technology and the modernization of agriculture and rural areas in China.