On the one hand，the public expects scientists to participate in public exchanges and scientific communication to better assume their social responsibilities. On the other hand，some scientists are not good at spreading scientific knowledge to the public. This study investigates the public-oriented scientific communication activities conducted by scientists based on 607 universities and scientific research institutions in China. Moreover，it draws on the measures taken in European countries to support public exchanges of universities and scientific research institutions. Effective countermeasures and suggestions catered to the situation of China are put forward from the following breakthrough points：clarifying policy orientation，setting up special communication projects，integrating resources of higher education institutions，and giving full play to the industry-leading role of the societies，with a view to provide reference for Chinese scientists to better assume social responsibilities and improve public scientific literacy.