The comprehensive implementation of the system for Forest Chief and River Chief is a key measure to protect the beauty of mountains and rivers in Anhui and build an ecological civilization. This research focuses on the theme of ecological environmental protection. Based on investigations in Tongcheng，Qingyang of Anhui，and Shanghai，the research explores the innovative experiences and shortcomings of Anhui Practice regarding the system of River Chief and Forest Chief，and by drawing on the experiences of developed regions，proposes countermeasures to further improve the system in Anhui so as to facilitate its perfection and contribute to the construction of an ecological civilization in Anhui.