Anhui adheres to innovation-driven development and has achieved many dazzling results in technological innovation，making innovation one of Anhui’s new economic growth points and core competitiveness. However，against the background of changes in major social contradictions and high-quality economic development，Anhui has also encountered bottlenecks for the innovation system. This article is guided by Xi Jinping Thought of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era，deeply implements the national strategy for Yangtze River Delta Integrated Development，considers the status quo of Anhui innovation system construction，draws on the experience and enlightenment of regional innovation systems from both home and abroad，evaluates the innovation performance of Anhui Province，elaborates the necessity of constructing a regional innovation system for Anhui，proposes the basic structure and operation mechanism of Anhui innovation system，and then makes recommendations on how to build the Yangtze River Delta Sci-tech Innovation Community with Shanghai，Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the context of the national strategy of integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta and how to upgrade Anhui innovation system.