In 2019，Anhui coordinated economic and social development with a new development concepts，the economy has been operating steadily and well；income of the residents has been steadily increasing；structural adjustment has continued to advance；industrial system has been continuously optimized；environmental protection has continued to improve；poverty alleviation has achieved one success after another；cultural development has been vivid and colorful；projects for people’s livelihood have been effective；and efforts to build Beautiful Villages continue to intensify. In 2019，Anhui firmly grasped national development strategy，promoted the construction of One Circle and Five Zones，and accelerated its integration into the Yangtze River Delta；the development of the provincial capital Hefei reached a new high，and its radiation and influence continued to rise. Meanwhile，deeply influenced by the four-phase superposition of the overall economy，the challenges facing Anhui social development are still conspicuous：the potential for economic downturn continues to exist，with severe consequences for high-quality development；structural imbalances remain prominent，with outstanding difficulties for the real economy；the ‘blood-making’ capability of industries is insufficient，with challenges in poverty alleviation for all；pressure for environmental governance is not reduced，with much room for improvement in environmental protection；regional coordination and integration is inadequate，and the Yangtze River Delta has not yet been deeply integrated；employment pressure continues to increase，with difficulties for talent concentration. Therefore，in view of the real challenges for Anhui social development，this article puts forward corresponding suggestions in terms of strategies and responses to serve as policy references.