Based on the actual situation of villages under investigation in X Town，Changping District，combined with the regional characteristics of Beijing’s rural social governance，this paper analyzes the current situation of rural residents in the process of rural social governance based on the resident population structure and land resources in the research area Common characteristics，personality characteristics，and the lack of vitality of grass-roots party organizations and social organizations based on the age structure of the population，and the difficulty of integrating rural primary，secondary，and tertiary industries based on land resources，and put forward related suggestions.