Energy is not only the driving force of economic development, but also the basic material element of social economic operation and human survival and development, and also the important material guarantee of social stability and national security. After entering the 20th century, with the increasing amount of world economy, the urbanization and industrialization of developing countries are speeding up, energy has become the lifeblood of world economic development, and its strategic position in the world economic development has risen to an unparalleled height. After entering the 21st century, the energy problem becomes more complicated. The progress of science and technology that people expect has not eliminated human's dependence on non renewable energy; although new energy has made great progress, it is far from realizing the replacement of non renewable energy; what's more, human has not found the fundamental solution to the energy crisis. Energy shortage and energy crisis will continue to perplex mankind and threaten the sustainable development of the world economy.