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谢伏瞻
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    “职教20条”与“扩招”“扩训”引发职业院校“三变并举”

    摘要

    2019年,国家先后出台一系列政策加速完善现代职教体系,职业教育进入了新时代,对高质量发展的要求更迫切。“职教20条”与高职“扩招”“扩训”成为2019年三大政策热点。本文剖析了当前高职“扩招”呈现的“省级层面管理面临统筹挑战、四类群体报考难管理难的问题突出、学校教育教学质量遭受稀释威胁、教育公平存在诸多风险”等突出问题,提出了职业院校量变、序变和质变“三变并举”策略,建议优化招生策略的基调、落实地方主责,分层分类施策、提供适合的教育,确保“扩招”教学质量的提升。

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    Abstract

    In 2019,China issued a series of policies to accelerate the improvement of its vocational education system,with the purpose of leading it into a new era of development with a more urgent focus on quality. Among them,the three most important policy changes include:The National Plan for the Reform and implementation of Vocational Education(commonly referred to as 20 Articles of Vocational Education),expanded enrollment in higher vocational education and expanded training or reskilling in human resources. This article focuses on the expanded enrollment in higher vocational education and analyzes the major problems that are emerging. They include:the provincial-level authorities face challenges in overall management and planning;four types of learners have difficulties in applying to higher vocational schools and pose challenges for management;the quality of vocational schools and its teaching is threatened by dilution of resources;there are many barriers to achieving equity in vocational education. In this context,the article proposes a strategy for vocational schools to manage concurrent changes in three fronts,namely,quantity,order and quality. The strategy consists of optimizing enrollment strategies,emphasizing local responsibility and offering differentiated education to different student groups so as to ensure an improvement in education quality despite expanded enrollment.

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    作者简介
    邢晖:邢晖,国家教育行政学院职业教育研究中心主任,研究员,硕士,研究方向:职业教育。
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