As an important province of iron and steel industry，Hebei has a long history of smelting. It has experienced both the peak period of industrial development and the trough of development. With the economic development of Hebei entering a new stage and opening a new journey with the whole country，it is necessary to review the past development process and take history as a mirror to take a good road of future development. From the perspective of industrial organization，this paper first reviews the ancient smelting industry and its industrial organization in Hebei Province. Focusing on the analysis of the development process of Hebei’s iron and steel industry and the changes of its industrial organization form in the 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China，we can find that the changes of Hebei’s iron and steel industry organization form have both industry commonalities and regional characteristics. With the start of a new wave of mergers and reorganizations，how to follow the trend and achieve the multiple objectives of capacity removal，structure adjustment and optimal layout in the mergers and reorganizations of Hebei iron and steel industry is a problem that needs deep consideration.