The laboring return of college students among the poverty population of file establishment is far more than economic income；it also contributes to targeted poverty alleviation and the promotion of social cohesion. The experience of discrimination in the process of initial employment of college students among the poverty population of file establishment will affect their perception of social justice，and then affect their career development. This report combs and analyzes the perception and influencing factors of employment discrimination of college students among the poverty population of file establishment，as well as the impact of social justice on their career development，and puts forward suggestions and measures to improve laws and regulations，strengthen career education guidance，unblock the growth and development channels of advanced vocational college students，and pay close attention to the psychological adjustment of female college students，for the purpose of eliminating employment discrimination，creating a fair employment environment and promoting the employment development of college students among the poverty population of file establishment.