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    建档立卡贫困人口中在校大学生就业倾向调查报告

    摘要

    通过对建档立卡大学生就业观念、就业愿望、就业外部支持条件、创业意愿、创业需求、职业生涯规划教育等方面进行调查与数据分析发现,大学生就业选择特别看重发展前景和兴趣爱好,偏好认为资金与能力是创业的重要条件。大学生就业首选省会城市和事业单位,愿意到乡镇或农村的比例最低。六成多大学生希望合伙创业,近半数大学生希望获得创业资金扶持。有明确返乡创业意愿和目标的大学生均不足一成,想到外面闯荡是大学生不愿回乡创业的首要原因。近九成大学生认为就业形势严峻,逾七成大学生认为找到满意工作难度大。当前存在着对到基层就业态度不够积极、缺乏较强的创业意愿和清晰的职业规划、政策知晓度和受益率低,多数学校对大学生的就业创业指导工作形式单一等问题。研究建议,应构建大学生基层就业的长效引导机制,推进和完善大学生创新创业生态体系建设,提升大学生职业生涯规划教育的专业性,大力宣传与普及就业创业政策与服务,建立集教育、管理、指导、服务于一体的学校就业指导体系。

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    Abstract

    Through the investigation and data analysis on the employment concept,employment desire,employment external support conditions,entrepreneurial intention,entrepreneurial demand,career planning education and so on,it is found that college students’ employment choice pays special attention to development prospects and interests and hobbies,and believes that capital and ability are important conditions for entrepreneurship. College students’ first choice for employment is in provincial capital cities or institutions,and the proportion of college students willing to go to villages and towns or rural areas is the lowest. More than 60% of college students want to start a business in partnership,and almost 50% want to get venture capital support. Less than 10% of college students have a clear willingness and goal to return to their hometown to start a business,and the thought of exploring outside is the primary reason why college students do not want to return to their hometown to start a business. Nearly 90% of college students think that the employment situation is grim,and more than 70% of college students consider it difficult to find a satisfactory job. Therefore,it can be seen that most college students’ attitude towards grass-roots employment is not positive enough,lack of strong entrepreneurial willingness and clear career planning,policy awareness and benefit rate is low,and most schools have only a single form of employment and entrepreneurship guidance. The study suggests that we should build a long-term guiding mechanism for college students’ grass-roots employment,promote and improve the construction of college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship ecological system,enhance the professionalism of college students’ career planning education,vigorously publicize and popularize employment and entrepreneurship policies and services,and establish a school employment guidance system that integrates education,management,guidance and service.

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    作者简介
    孙宏艳:孙宏艳,中国青少年研究中心少年儿童研究所所长,研究员,主要从事青少年社会性发展、青少年思想教育及家庭教育研究。
    孙锦露:孙锦露,北京航空航天大学积极心理体验中心教师,北京航空航天大学卓越思政博士后,中国人民公安大学法学博士,主要研究领域为校园欺凌和青少年心理问题。
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