Although the social and economic development and the improvement of medical and health level have brought about the extension of life expectancy，the relationship between life expectancy and health life expectancy is still not synchronous. As an important means to help people avoid and eliminate the dysfunction caused by diseases，rehabilitation medical service has a very significant effect on improving the healthy life expectancy and quality of life，so it has attracted the attention of all parties. In recent years，the population of Shanghai registered permanent residence has shown more and more obvious characteristics of super aging and super-low fertility level. The incidence of degenerative diseases in the population of Shanghai registered permanent residence is relatively high. Chronic diseases have a great negative impact on the health of the population，and people’s demand for rehabilitation medical treatment will continue to grow. At the same time，Shanghai，as a pilot area for the construction of national rehabilitation medical service system，has built a hierarchical and phased rehabilitation medical service system since 2011. But there are still problems such as insufficient total resources，quality to be improved，slow expansion of professional teams，and heavy burden of rehabilitation medical services. Based on the age structure and health change trend of Shanghai population，combined with the health level change of the population（especially the elderly population），this paper combs the development of rehabilitation medical services in Shanghai，and puts forward some suggestions for reference based on the analysis of existing problems.