Biomass energy is the only carbon resource among the six renewable energies that can be converted into gas，liquid and solid fuels and other products. As a major agriculture province，Henan Province IS Extremely rich in biomass resources，and the research on using biomass energy to replace fossil energy has received increasing attention. Based on the relationship between the development of biomass energy and the construction of ecological civilization，this paper expounds the development of ecological civilization and the current situation of biomass energy development in Henan Province，estimates the biomass resource storage hall in the whole province，points out that the backward development of renewable energy industry dominated by biomass energy is one of the bottlenecks restricting the construction of ecological civilization，and puts forwards relevant policy suggestions for the efficient and comprehensive utilization and development of biomass energy under the background of ecological civilization.