2018年3月,十三届全国人大一次会议通过并公布施行宪法修正案,设区的市制定地方性法规的规定正式写入宪法。从立法法赋予设区的市地方立法权,到设区的市地方立法权在宪法中得到确认,设区的市地方立法工作开展情况亟须梳理分析,以便提供可借鉴的经验,更好地完成新时代新形势下地方立法工作的新要求新任务。本文通过对随机抽取的55个设区的市开展地方立法的情况进行回顾梳理,从制定地方性法规的数量、范围、结构、内容、条文等方面进行分析,发现设区的市制定地方性法规的数量呈现良性增长,范围较为集中,特色不断凸显,精细化水平不断提升。本文认为,设区的市地方立法工作呈现出注重实效、稳步推进的总体趋势,为加强和创新地方治理提供了有力的法治支撑。针对设区的市地方立法存在的部分问题,本文提出了抓好薄弱环节立法、发挥政府及部门作用、强化地方立法能力建设、组织社会各方有序参与以及加强指导与交流等五点建议。
<<In March 2018,the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress passed and promulgated the implementation of the Constitutional amendments,which formally included the provisions on the formulation of local regulations by districted cities in the Constitution. The local legislative work of districted cities needs to be analyzed,since the local legislative power of them endowed by Legislation Law and confirmed in the Constitution,to provide experience for fulfilling new requirements of the local legislative work in the new era and situation. By reviewing the practice of local legislations of 55 districted cities chose by a randomly,and analyzing their number,range,structure,content,articles,etc.,we found that the number of districted cities with local regulations is growing positively,the range of their applying object is relatively centralized,their local characteristics are continuously emerging,and the refinement in their articles is also promoting. We hold that the legislative work of districted cities shows a trend of pragmatic and steady progress,which provides a legal support for strengthening and innovating local governance. In view of some problems existing in the local legislation of city divided into districts,we put forward five suggestions,such as strengthening the legislation of weak links,giving full play to the role of government and departments,strengthening local legislation capacity,organizing the orderly participation of all aspects of the society,and strengthening the guidance and communication.
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