Ecological priority and green development are the main keynotes for the development of pollution-intensive industries in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. This report defines 12 pollution-intensive industries through scientific methods，and is based on the data of pollution-intensive industries in the provinces and provinces of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2003 to 2016. The Gini coefficient，the Thail index，the industrial concentration index，the standard deviation ellipse method，DEA-SBM model and STIRPAT model are used to study the spatial and temporal characteristics，ecological efficiency and influencing factors of pollution-intensive industry development. The study found that the scale of pollution-intensive industries in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has risen first and then stabilized. The pollution-intensive industries are mainly concentrated in the downstream areas，and the focus of the development of pollution-intensive industries is shifting to the middle and upper reaches over time. The ecological efficiency of pollution-intensive industries in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has been rising and has regional heterogeneity：the level in the lower reaches is higher，followed by the middle reaches，but the lowest in the upper reaches. The ecological efficiency of pollution-intensive industries in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is affected by diversification factors：government-regulated environmental regulations，towns The rate of transformation，the level of innovation，and the industrial structure have positive effects. The voluntary environmental regulation，per capita GDP，and energy intensity have a negative effect.