With the constraints of resource and environment severer，promoting industrial green development and cutting down the discharge of industrial waste have becoming the mainstream trend of economic development. As the national huge economic belt，the Yangtze River Economic Belt is of great importance for the construction of ecological civilization，the establishment of modern industrial system and the acceleration of high quality economic development. Based on the panel data of 110 cities in YREB from 2011 to 2016，this paper makes assessment on the spatiotemporal evolution of the cities’ efficiency of industrial green development by the Methods of Super-SBM and Theil Index，and explore its influence factors by Spatial Durbin Model. The results suggest the following findings. The efficiency presents an ascending trend，which means the endogenic impetus to achieve the industrial green development strengthen a lot. The efficiency in the upper，middle and lower reaches of YREB is significantly different，showing a gradient decreasing pattern，which means YREB’s industrial green development has shifted into the middle and upper reaches. Economic development，environmental regulation，industrialization and opening are the main force to improve the efficiency directly. Environmental regulation and urbanization has negative spatial spillover effect in promoting the nearby cities’ efficiency in YBER. On the contrary，the industrial agglomeration and industrialization’s spatial effect is negative. Based on the above empirical analysis，to improve the cities’ efficiency，it is necessary to establish unified environmental warning mechanism，strengthen the supporting function of green technical innovation，promote the adjustment and upgradation of industrial structure，implement the policy of new urbanization and undertake regional and international industrial transfer greenly.