This report takes the data of 107 prefecture-level and above cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2006 to 2016 as a sample，and uses the panel model to examine the relationship between industrial agglomeration and the economic development quality of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The research results show that industrial agglomeration can effectively promote the quality of economic development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt along the Yangtze River；technological progress is the main reason for industrial agglomeration to improve the quality of economic development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt，and industrial agglomeration is not obvious in promoting technological efficiency；Through industrial agglomeration，the region can effectively play the “externality” of agglomeration，enhance the competitive environment，promote the innovation capability of various regions along the Yangtze River，and improve the quality of economic development. In the upper reaches of the Yangtze River，industrial agglomeration can play a dual role，which can promote technological progress as well as Promote efficiency. To further promote the high quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt，we should strengthen the integrated development of various regions along the Yangtze River，give play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation，promote the free flow of factors，and raise the level of industrial agglomeration.