The social assistance system is a measure taken by the state and other social entities to maintain the most basic needs of citizens. The social assistance system in Henan Province has been initially established and played an important role in promoting the province’s economic development and social harmony and stability. However，the social assistance system in Henan Province still has the dilemma of the decentralization of management departments，the lack of coordination and coordination of the rescue system，the lack of funds for assistance，and the uneven development of urban and rural areas. This paper promotes the coordinated development of the social assistance system management department，improves the urban and rural social assistance financial fair and reasonable investment mechanism，promotes the diversified development-oriented social assistance system and guides the active participation of social forces，and the urban and rural society for the economic and social development of Henan Province. The rescue system was discussed.