The Silk Road was a channel for material and energy exchanges among ancient civilizations，and was the driving force for the early globalization process. The current joint construction of the Belt and Road is not only conducive to promoting the development of western China and the adjustment of the domestic industrial structure，but also to the rebalancing of global development. China’s geographical indication （GI） products can play an important role in the construction of the Belt and Road. This report analyzes the historical exchanges of products nad species on the “Belt and Road”，the current situation of GI products and their future development prospects.