This report is about the problems of human resources allocation in courts and the realization of judicial justice. It combines empirical research with comparative research. Through the analysis and research of labor cost input and resource allocation methods in courts that affect the realization of judicial justice，it proposes methods to optimize the allocation of human resources in courts in the western region and solve the conflicts between human resources and judicial needs，i.e. establishing human resources allocation system that conforms to the urban-rural dual structure with designated jurisdictions；solving the problems judges face by means of cooperation between courts and colleges；establishing a system of efficiency in the allocation of human resources in courts with the focus on institutional management；reconstructing the internal organs of the court，setting up the grand judicial Committee，the court administrative authority，the judicial affairs authority and assistant president’s office；separating of judicial affairs and judicial administrative affairs and of judges and judicial administrative personnel；classifying the duties of various personnel，implementing the classified management of court personnel；and appropriately extending retirement age of judges to make more effective use of senior judges’ expertise.