By clarifying the connotation of urban talent environmental competitiveness，this paper selects 22 evaluation indicators from the four dimensions of economic development，job growth，openness and tolerance and living habitat，and builds an indicator system for urban talent environmental competitiveness，including Chengdu. The comprehensive evaluation of the talent environment competitiveness of 18 cities shows that Chengdu has outstanding performance in the dimensions of “economic development environment” and “living environment”，but it lacks development in the dimensions of “talent growth environment” and “open and inclusive environment”. Then through cluster analysis，the differences between Chengdu and the sample cities and their influencing factors are further explored，and the optimization path of Chengdu talent environment is proposed based on the four dimensions of the environment. This paper further explores the differences and influencing factors between Chengdu and the sample cities through cluster analysis，and proposes the optimization path of Chengdu talent environment around the four dimensions of the environment.