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    中国文化遗产旅游和跨境文化消费的思考——以故宫博物院为例(2000~2019)

    摘要

    随着全球化进程的日益深化,国际旅游变得越来越便捷。文化遗产属于旅游产业的核心内容之一,吸引了世界游客的旅游观光。在全球化的背景下,中国文化遗产旅游可以有效地将国际人士吸引进来,通过他们主动向海外传播中国文化。故宫作为中国文化遗产的精英代表,浓缩了中国历史篇章,凝聚了中国文化特色,塑造了中国文化身份。在中国文化传播聚焦外部的同时,还可以从“内部发力”,内外结合,有效提升中国文化的国际影响力。故宫博物院在数字化、外语化、国际化、文创设计和教育功能方面都极富成效地促进了中国文化的海外传播。中国文化遗产旅游资源众多,成为越来越多海外游客的旅游目的地。但一些文化遗产景区过度商业化、文物保护意识不强、外语覆盖面过窄、文化旅游模式过于陈旧,因而在文化对外传播的效度上还大有提升空间。故宫文化对外传播中的宝贵经验值得中国其他文化遗产核心景区学习和借鉴,从而从内部增强中国文化核心竞争力。

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    Abstract

    With the deepening of globalization,international tourism becomes more and more convenient. Cultural heritage as one of the core contents of the tourism industry attracts tourists all over the world. The Palace Museum,as China’s symbolic Cultural Heritage,embodies Chinese cultural characteristics,builds Chinese cultural identity with intensive historic elements. Nowadays we emphasize the international communication of Chinese culture,most of the efforts are “external”,that is,send Chinese culture abroad. However,the “internal drive” has been neglected. If internal and external efforts are dynamically integrated,effective implementation of international communication Chinese culture can be achieved. There are at least five perspectives for the Palace Museum to promote the international cultural communication of Chinese culture. They are digital Museum,foreign language strategy,international cooperation,creative design and educational function,which all work together effectively to promote the overseas dissemination of the Chinese culture. China cultural heritage tourism resources are numerous and attract more and more overseas tourists. But some of the cultural heritage scenic spots are excessively commercialized. The awareness of cultural relics’protection is not strong. Foreign languages are not adequately and properly used. The communication modes are out of date. All these hold back the validity of the intercultural communication of Chinese culture. The valuable experience of the Palace Museum making full use of the internal drive is worth learning for other Cultural Heritage sites to effectively promote the international communication of Chinese culture.

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    作者简介
    张喜华:张喜华,北京第二外国语学院教授,主要研究方向为跨文化研究、文化研究。
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