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谢伏瞻
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李培林
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    祁连山草地综合分类治理——以祁连山黑土滩退化区为例(2015~2019)

    摘要

    针对祁连山区同一区域不同类型黑土滩治理及黑土滩人工草地可持续利用难题,本报告采用退化草地分类治理原则,首先利用适宜草种对在气候适宜、地势平坦的黑土滩,通过人工干预,建立优质高产的饲草料基地,为当地家畜补饲提供充足的饲草料。其次对不适宜建立饲草料基地的缓坡黑土滩,采用免耕补播技术,使其在短时间达到植被恢复。最后是对坡度大于25°的黑土滩退化草地,利用适宜草种通过“人工补播+无纺布覆盖”的技术,快速恢复植被。同时,对黑土滩人工植被应用牧草返青期家畜补饲技术,防止牧草生长临界期的过度放牧,使牧草生长潜力得到充分发挥,能大幅度提高人工草地牧草产量,使天然草地牧草得到充分再生机会,延长人工草地使用寿命,最终实现快速恢复黑土滩退化草地植被,同时达到持久性维护草地生态系统平衡的目的。截至2019年青海省3。5万亩黑土滩得到治理,1200万亩可治理黑土滩有了科技支撑和治理方向。

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    Abstract

    Aiming at the problems of different types of black soil beach management and sustainable use of black soil beach artificial grassland in the same area of Qilian Mountains,this study adopts the principle of classification and treatment of degraded grassland. Firstly,the suitable grass species are used to establish a black soil beach with suitable climate and flat terrain. The high-quality and high-yield forage base provides sufficient forage for local livestock supplements. Secondly,the gentle slope black soil beach,which is not suitable for establishing the forage material base,adopts no-tillage reseeding technology to achieve vegetation restoration in a short time. Again,for the black soil beach degraded grassland with a slope of more than 25 degrees,the vegetation can be quickly restored by artificial replenishment + non-woven fabric covering with suitable grass species. At the same time,the artificial vegetation of forage grass in the black soil beach is applied to prevent overgrazing in the critical period of forage growth,so that the forage growth potential can be fully exerted,and the grassland yield of artificial grassland can be greatly improved,so that the natural grassland pasture can be fully regenerated. To prolong the service life of artificial grassland,and finally to quickly restore the degraded grassland vegetation in Black Soil Beach,and at the same time achieve the goal of maintaining the balance of grassland ecosystem;By 2019,35,000 mu of black soil beach in Qinghai Province has been treated,and 12 million mu can control black soil beach with scientific support and governance direction.

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    作者简介
    李世雄:李世雄,青海大学农牧学院副研究员,主要从事草地生态恢复方面的研究与示范推广工作。
    马玉寿:马玉寿,青海大学畜牧兽医科学院研究员,博士生导师,主要从事三江源区退化草地植被恢复与重建研究工作。
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