Qilian Mountain is an important ecological barrier and ecological function protection area in China. It is the origin of water sources in many inland river basins in western China，such as Heihe River Basin，Shiyang River Basin，Shule River Basin，Qinghai Lake Basin，etc. Ecological security has an extremely important role to play. However，the problem of ecological environment in Qilian Mountain has been prominent for a long time，and the function of water conservation has declined，which seriously threatens the sustainable development of regional social economy and the smooth implementation of the national “One Belt，One Road” strategy. Therefore，systematic research on the multi-interaction process of the atmosphere-vegetation-soil system at different time and space scales is of great significance for a deep understanding of the Qilian Mountain water conservation function and its response to future climate change and its regulation mechanism. At present，the Qilian Mountain water source conservation monitoring work has small monitoring scope，weak monitoring technology，single monitoring object，and no comprehensive monitoring network system. It is a multi-scale，networked and three-dimensional Qilian Mountain covering ecological elements such as forests and grasslands. The ecological environment dynamic monitoring system is extremely necessary. Affected by changes in various factors such as climate change process，vegetation type and vegetation structure，the relationship between vegetation-soil-water three-dimensional structure and water reserve pattern in Qilian Mountain will change significantly. The sustainable development of the water conservation function of Qilian Mountain needs to start from the promotion of laws and regulations，the construction of a supervision system，the guidance of enterprise transformation，and the implementation of ecological governance measures to achieve a virtuous circle.