养老机构在基本养老服务的主要业务基础上,结合医疗和护理服务的功能,为半自理、不能自理老年群体提供服务,可以弥补传统养老机构的不足。本文利用2016~2017年北京市养老机构普查数据,使用统计分析方法,对北京现有养老机构对老年人提供的医疗及养护功能现状进行了分析。研究发现,北京市已有七成养老机构开展了医疗护理类服务,但养老机构在医养护结合方面存在以下问题:一是近半数养老院内设医疗机构没有医疗资质,近半数不能解决医保定点;二是医疗人力资本配备不均衡,全职员工率低;三是设备配置不足,医疗保健用房配置率低;四是服务提供情况有限,医疗类专业服务提供率低,评估体系较为薄弱等。基于研究结果,文章提出应落实有关体制机制促进养老机构配置相关医疗设施设备并取得相应医疗资质,鼓励和支持老年医护人才队伍培养建设,完善老年人健康评估体系,探索养老机构与医疗护理服务有效结合模式,使老年医疗和养护的需求融合为统一的体系中,从而积极应对老龄化,达到健康老龄化的目的。
<<On the basis of the main business of the basic old-age service and the functions of medical and nursing services,the old-age organizations can provide services for the semi-self-care and unable to take care of the elderly groups,which can make up for the shortcomings of the traditional old-age care organizations. Based on the data of Beijing pension organizations census conducted in 2016-2017,this paper analyzes the current medical and maintenance function of the aged in Beijing by means of quantitative analysis,field investigation and in-depth interview. The study found that 70% of the old-age organizations in Beijing have developed medical and nursing services,but there are the following problems in the combination of medical care and maintenance:first,nearly half of them have the following problems:1. Medical institutes in nursing homes have no medical qualifications,nearly half can not solve the fixed points of medical insurance;second,the allocation of medical human capital is unbalanced,the rate of full-time staff is low;third,the allocation of equipment is insufficient,and the allocation rate of medical care housing is low. Fourth,the service provision is limited,the medical professional service delivery rate is low,and the evaluation system is relatively weak and so on. Based on the results of the study,the paper suggests that the relevant institutional mechanisms should be implemented to promote the allocation of relevant medical facilities and equipment in pension organizations and to obtain the corresponding medical qualifications,to encourage and support the training and construction of medical talents for the elderly,and to perfect the health assessment system for the elderly. To explore the mode of effective combination of old-age organizations and medical and nursing services,The needs of geriatric care and maintenance are integrated into a unified system,so as to actively cope with the aging and achieve the purpose of healthy aging.
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