At the critical moment of building a well-off society in China，the connotation of population quality in the new era includes not only intelligence quality and health quality，but also civilization quality. Therefore，in addition to the health and physical quality of the population，we should attach importance to the cultivation of the whole people in politics，ideology，morality，will，culture，literature，art，science，technology，etc.，and form a code of conduct and norms in behavior habits，citizens’ behavior in public places，etc. The connotation of population quality of “three elements” is not only the natural law of historical development stage，but also the requirement of economic and social development entering a new era，and also the basic support of higher quality employment.