Since the new round of deepening medical reform was launched，the enthusiasm of private medical institutions has reached an unprecedented height，presenting explosive growth and diversified development，showing “four growths”：the growth of number of institutions，the growth of number of beds，the increase in the number of employees and the increase in the volume of services. As an useful supplement to the government run medical institutions，the private medical institutions have become an important part of China’s health service system. At the same time，there are still a series of prominent problems in the development of private medical institutions in China，resulting in no effective competition with government run medical institutions. Then，what are the main problems，what are the keys to solve these problems，which solutions can break through the current barriers，what support strategies are needed，and where are the breakthroughs？This report focuses on highlights and confusions of the private medical institutions，and deeply interprets the related policies in China. The report systematically analyzes the development status of private medical institutions，explores the successful cases and practical experiences，and deeply discusses the policies and environment behind these problems. The report provides decision-making basis for the Chinese concept，strategy and model of the private medical institutions and plans the future for the private medical institutions in the new era.