Based on the national health information group standard，we collected the health self-test questionnaire data from 90，208 subjects in 33 physical examination units in 2018. The results showed that about 1/3 of the population had ideal or good health literacy status. The male，the older，the less educated，the individual of freelance，and the farmers were more likely to have poor health literacy. “To know is easy，but to do is difficult” was reflected in the part of health life and behavior survey and health education should be pay special attention to metabolic disease related knowledge in the part of healthy basic knowledge and concepts survey. In conclusion，the health literacy status of physical examination population in China is not optimistic. It is necessary to carry out health education activities based on the characteristics of different populations，and increase health education for physical examination crowd.