作为有效满足老年人口医疗需求与照护需求的养老模式,我国的医养结合逐渐进入规范发展的新阶段。医养结合作为养老模式在制度上的创新,既是实现健康老龄化目标的必然选择,更是在“健康中国”战略背景下,积极应对新时代人口老龄化“慢富快老”和“富而过劳”紧迫局面的必然选择。国家高度重视老龄化问题,为积极推进“健康老龄化”,探索健康养老模式,2013年以来相继出台了一系列促进医养结合发展的政策,有力促进了医养结合事业的发展。当前我国医养结合实践模式主要有机构、社区和居家三种,逐步积累了部分经验。但总体来看,我国医养结合仍存在诸多困境,主要体现为政府部门多头管理,缺乏配套政策、制度和标准,专业医护人员短缺,服务收费水平偏高,服务内容单一僵化,医养结合监督评估体系不健全等。医养结合将是当前和未来我国养老模式的重点方向,亟待加强顶层设计,并促进实践发展。
<<As a valid endowment pattern to meet the medical and nursing needs of the elderly,the integrated health and care in China has gradually entered a new stage of standardized development. As an institutional innovation of the endowment pattern,The integrated health and care is not only an inevitable choice to achieve the goal of healthy aging,but also an inevitable choice to actively cope with the urgent population aging situation in the new era under the background of “Healthy China” strategy that “richen slowly and aging fast,” and “rich but overworked”. China attaches great importance to the issue of aging. In order to actively promote “healthy aging” and explore a healthy elderly care pattern,a series of policies have been issued since 2013 to promote the development of integrated health and care,which has effectively promoted the development of the integrated health and care. At present,there are three main patterns of integrated health and care in China:institution nursing service,community nursing service and home-based care,and then gradually accumulate some experience. But overall,there are still many difficulties in the integrated health and care in China,mainly reflected in the multi-head management of government departments,the lack of supporting policies,systems and standards,shortage of professional medical staff,high service charge levels,single content of service,and the imperfect supervision and evaluation of the integrated health and care. The integrated health and care will be the key direction of the current and future endowment patterm in China. It is urgent to strengthen the top-level design and promote the development of practice.
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