The new energy industry in both China and the United States has a place in the global market，and their industrial competitiveness is reflected in different sub-sectors and industrial chain links. In the hydrogen energy industry，compared with China，the United States is in an absolute leading position in the national market. It has strong competitiveness in terms of technology，price and scale. In the wind energy industry，the United States is operating more efficiently than China. It has advantages，but it is not competitive in scale and price. In the solar industry，compared with China，the United States still has technological advantages in solar thin film batteries，and has high operational efficiency，but it does not compete in scale and price. In the biomass energy industry，the United States and China have strong international competitiveness in the use of solid biomass energy，but in terms of liquid biomass energy and biomass gas，the United States is more competitive than China. In the shale gas，shale oil and geothermal energy industries，the United States is more competitive than China in mining technology and mining conditions. At the level of listed companies，there are significant differences in the competitiveness of China and the United States in the new energy industry segment. China mainly has strong global competitiveness in the photovoltaic industry and wind power industry，while in other sub-sectors，related Chinese listed companies are less competitive than the United States. The import and export relationship between China and the US new energy industry is greatly affected by trade friction. In addition to re-layout in the global market，China should focus on core technology research and development and system reform to enhance the international competitiveness of China’s new energy industry.