Transparency arrangements plays an extremely important role in global environmental governance，especially climate governance. This paper reviews the concept of transparency and its relevance and evolution in global climate governance，as well as current practices and practices at the global and national levels. At the end of 2018，the “modalities，procedures and guidelines” adopted in Katowice established the arrangements for the enhanced transparency framework for post-2020 era. Countries have also established domestic transparency arrangements. China has also initially established basic statistics and accounting work system for greenhouse gas emissions at national，local，and enterprise level. After identify the risks of climate change decision-making，this paper proposes the contribution of improving transparency for effective decision-making，which includes enhancing global governance mutual trust，determining action goals and assessing progress，identifying action priorities，and learning good practices.