In 2018，the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up，great achievements have been made in human resources in China. Specifically，the overall quantity of human resources remained stable；the urbanization rate and the percentage of registered permanent urban residents are steadily rising；job opportunities have increased significantly；the talent development mechanism has been continuously deepened；the personnel system reform in public sector has been constantly improved；the employment and entrepreneurship sector has presented a stable performance with good momentum of growth；the urban and rural employment structure has been continuously refined；the tertiary industry has created the most job opportunities；wage distribution tends to be more reasonable；the social security system becomes fairer and more efficient；and the labor relations are more harmonious and stable. The report presents the new trends，new measures and new requirements for the development of China’s human resources in 2018 in terms of basic situation of human resources，progress of work related to talents，personnel system reform in public sector，employment and entrepreneurship，income distribution，social security，labor relations，human resource services industry，etc. It also puts forward new challenges and requirements for human resources at present and in the near future.