Urban environment is closely related to the healthy living quality of residents. It is of great significance to evaluate the urban environment based on the perspective of urban residents to improve the healthy living standard of residents. This report expounds the concept of the urban environment，the importance and significance of urban environment evaluation，on the basis of the existing evaluation indexes at home and abroad for reference，eight indexes were selected from the three aspects of urban ecological environment quality，urban pollution control and urban drainage infrastructure，build the evaluation index system of the urban residents health living environment，evaluate the country’s 289 cities environment condition，and the evaluation results are analyzed in depth.