At present，blood-borne pathogens mainly include human immunodeficiency virus，hepatitis B virus，hepatitis C virus，treponema pallidum，as well as endemic and time-limited infectious disease pathogens. Screening of blood transfusion transmission diseases is an important technical means to ensure the safety of blood transfusion. Indirect immune agglutination test is the earliest and most widely used immunological serological screening method in blood screening of blood donors. With the development of immunological serological detection technology，indirect immune agglutination test has been gradually replaced by enzyme-linked immune method. This paper introduces the development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent test，chemiluminescence immunoassay，nucleic acid detection technology and blood screening reagent，in order to reflect the development of screening technology for blood transfusion transmission diseases at home and abroad，as well as its application in the field of blood transfusion in China.