This paper introduces the calculation method of the index of the elderly’s life quality and the sub-index of health situation，economic status，living environment，mental health and subjective feelings，and has calculated the index and the sub-index of the elderly’s life quality of the 31 provinces （autonomous regions and municipalities） using the sample survey data of The Fourth Survey on the Living Conditions of the Elderly in China conducted in 2015. Further，31 provinces（autonomous regions and municipalities）are ranked according to the index and the sub-index of the elderly’s life quality from high to low，and the top 20 in the index of the elderly’s life quality and the sub-index of health situation，economic status，living environment，mental health and subjective feelings are introduced. It is found that the provinces（autonomous regions and municipalities）which are higher in the index of the elderly’s life quality are mainly in developed eastern region. The sub-index of health situation，economic status，mental health and subjective feelings of eastern region are higher than the middle and west overall，however，the advantage of the east is not obvious in the sub-index of living environment. Comparing the rankings of the index and the sub-index of the elderly’s life quality of the provinces（autonomous regions and municipalities）which are in top 20 in the index of the elderly’s life quality，the index is related to the sub-index closely，and the imbalance between the index and the sub-index is prominent.