Critical illness insurance and individual tax premium health insurance are two unique types of insurance in China’s health insurance industry. This report reviews the establishment and development process of critical illness insurance and individual tax premium health insurance policy. It affirms their achievements，and points out their problems and challenges. Based on the further analysis of imperfections in system design. This study puts forward the policy suggestions to deepen the critical illness insurance and individual tax premium health insurance system reform. From the perspective of the mechanism of medical insurance administration，it is impossible to construct the critical illness insurance fee control mechanism if the critical illness insurance administration if separated from the basic medical insurance administration. Privatization of both critical illness insurance and basic medical insurance may be the better choice. The individual tax premium health insurance in China is compulsive，but the positioning of the compulsory insurance and the commercial health insurance do not match.