回归以来,作为澳门龙头产业的博彩业发展迅速,就业人口数量大幅增加,目前约占全部就业人口的1/4。通过分析发现,博彩业就业人口总体上呈现素质持续偏低、外地雇员占比较低、女性占比较高、以荷官职业为主、注重经验积累、工作收入较高、职位空缺率较低以及雇员流失率较低等特点。博彩业劳动力存在问题主要包括供不应求引发挤出效应、质量偏低影响人力资本投资、工作压力大不利于身心健康以及澳门居民升职机会小前途渺茫。近年来博彩工作的收入优势减弱,从而对劳动力的吸引力有所下降,因此其挤出效应有所减弱,劳动力短缺问题将加重。提高产业层次、培养专业人才、适度增加外地雇员以及引入灵活工作制度等措施将是解决这些问题的途径。
<<Since the return of Macao to the motherland in 1999,the gaming industry in Macao has developed rapidly and become the leading industry. And the number of employed population in this industry has increased substantially to about a quarter of the total employed population. It is found that the characteristics of the employed population of this industry has low quality,low percentage of non-local workers,high percentage of female workers,high percentage of the dealer as an occupation,importance of work experience,high salary,low job vacancy rate and low employee turnover rate from analysis. The problems of the labour force in the gaming industry mainly include the shortage of labour supply leading to crowding out effect,the low quality binging about negative impact on human capital investment,high stress from work doing harm to physical and mental health,and the low opportunities for residents of Macao to be promoted. In recent years,the earnings advantage of the employed population in the gaming industry has been weakened,and thus the attractiveness of gaming industry to the labour force has declined. Therefore,its crowding out effect has weakened and the labour shortage problem will increase. Raising the industrial level to make gaming industry a technological and human capital-intensive industry,cultivating professional talents,appropriately increasing foreign employees,and introducing flexible work systems will be the major ways to solve these problems.
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