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    21世纪联合国毒品政策度量:衡量与人权交集的必要性

    摘要

    联合国毒品管制体系建立伊始,毒品政策度量和现在被模糊地称为“世界毒品问题”的相关测量就受到流动、规模和过程的支配。然而,国际毒品政策话语中毒品政策和人权交集的日益重要,《可持续发展议程》作为体制内的项目和诸如毒品问题联大特别会议成果文件这样的软法工具,却为重新审视这样的策略带来了压力。非常清晰的是,需要重新聚焦度量以下指标,更为具体的毒品政策的结果,毒品政策关联下的多维度的人权问题。虽然这项任务并不容易,但还是建议一个可能会有成效的方法,那就是重新修订联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室年度报告调查问卷。考虑到现在的复审过程,年度报告调查问卷可通过遵循毒品问题联大特别会议成果文件,汲取联合国体制内其他组成部分尤其是人权事务高级专员办事处的经验,来得到加强。现存非传统数据集包括与可持续发展目标相联系的数据的使用可能也会有助于拓展现存衡量过程的范围,并帮助其更适合这一目标的实现。

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    Abstract

    From the early years of the UN drug control system,drug policy metrics and the associated measurement of what has become known somewhat vaguely as the ‘World Drug Problem’ has been dominated by flows,scale and process. The increasing prominence of the intersection between drug policy and human rights in international drug policy discourse,systemwide programmes like the Sustainable Development Agenda and soft law instruments such as the Outcome Document of the UN General Assembly Special Session on drugs(UNGASS),however,generate pressure to review such an approach. It seems clear that there is a growing need to refocus attention towards metrics and indicators that relate more specifically to drug policy outcomes and the myriad human rights dimensions of drug policy. While not an easy task,it is suggested here that a potentially productive way forward is to revise the United Nation’s Office of Drugs and Crime(UNODC)Annual Report Questionnaire(ARQ). In light of the current review process,the ARQ could be brought more into line with the UNGASS Outcome Document and strengthened by drawing on expertise of other parts of the UN system,particularly the Office of the High Commission on Human Rights(OHCHR). Use of existing non-traditional data sets,including those relating to the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),could also help broaden the scope of the existing measurement processes and help make it more fit for purpose.

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    作者简介
    戴维·比利·泰勒:戴维·比利·泰勒(David R.Bewley-Taylor),英国斯旺西大学教授,全球毒品政策瞭望台(GDPO)主任,研究方向为国际关系与公共政策。
    郝静萍:郝静萍,静萍翻译咨询(烟台)有限公司学术翻译。
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