In the past 50 years，the African education development policy has changed profoundly with the African political，economic and social development since 1960s.At the same time，UNESCO，Africa Union，World Bank and other regional and international organizations have made policies for African education development，as well as given some advice and suggestions. The conference of African ministers of education is the first and most widely official meeting of African education.It focuses on education equity，popularization of basic education，anti-illiteracy education，integration of higher education，vocation and technical education development，teachers education training，curriculum reform，teaching quality assessment，innovation of science and technology education，international educational aid，regional cooperation in education and other African education research hot topics.The Action Plans issued after the previous sessions have become important programmatic documents for the development of education in Africa，which produced a wide，far-reaching influence.Through the interpretation of the conference of African ministers of education，this paper reviews the path of African education policy development since the independence of African countries，as well as analyzes the roles and impacts of the conference on African education development.