Shibadong village，which located in Huayuan county，wuling mountain area，is the birthplace of the strategy of targeted poverty alleviation. As a pilot county for targeted poverty alleviation，Huayuan county takes modern characteristic agriculture as the starting point and accelerates the development of poverty alleviation industry by increasing investment，cultivating new subjects，relying on the platform of industrial parks，promoting the integration of the three industries and innovating the connection of interests，etc.，and has achieved remarkable results in poverty reduction. By investigating the poverty alleviation practices through industrial development of 15 poor villages in 4 towns of the county and the livelihood responses of more than 640 households，it is found that：（1）In huayuan county，the response degree of farmers’ livelihood to poverty alleviation practices through industrial development is not high，the response degrees of livelihood space and livelihood capital are relatively high，but the response degrees of livelihood mode and livelihood output are weaker，and there are obvious differences in the response degree of towns，villages and all livelihood dimensions；（2）External factors such as the grassroots organization ability of the village，rural social atmosphere，poverty alleviation industry type，geographical location，and family factors such as poverty level，education degree，labor force quantity，and credit availability have important influences on the livelihood response of farmers，and have different influences on different dimensions and intensity levels. Lastly，with the perspective of farmers’ livelihood response，it is suggested that the innovation of pro-poor mechanism of industrial development in Huayuan county should pay attention to farmers’ livelihood response，optimize the soft and hard environment of the village，implement differentiated assistance，highlight response of livelihood mode and output，and prevent and control risks，vulnerability and elite capture.