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    滇桂黔片区瓮安县产业扶贫典型模式与可持续脱贫经验

    摘要

    瓮安县以做强“茶产业”为核心,统筹推进“1+6+N”产业扶贫布局,建立股份、订单、就业务工三种产业利益联结机制,搭建产业园区、技术支持、销售服务三个产业持续发展平台,取得了明显的扶贫效果。通过调查该县13个乡镇(街道)15个村(社区)的产业扶贫实践以及609户农户产业扶贫生计响应发现:(1)瓮安县产业扶贫农户响应情况总体较好,农户感知度高、意愿度强,但农户响应强度由感知、意愿到行动依次递减。在农户响应四维度中,响应强度由弱到强依次为生计产出响应、生计资本响应、生计空间响应、生计方式响应。(2)瓮安县产业扶贫农户响应的影响因素主要表现在干部帮扶情况、农户家庭情况、产业资金到位情况、地理环境与产业类型、基层组织建设等五个方面。(3)瓮安县产业扶贫的益贫路径与机制主要有资产益贫、收入益贫、能力益贫、精神益贫。基于调研,得出该县产业扶贫与可持续脱贫的重要启示,即稳定增收是核心、农户响应是重点、各方参与是关键、稳扎稳打是根本、苦干实干是保障,为此才能优化产业功能、提升脱贫质量、巩固帮扶成效、夯实稳定脱贫基础。

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    Abstract

    Weng’an County takes the strong “tea industry” as the core,and promotes the “1+6+N” industry poverty alleviation layout,establishes stocks,orders,and business industry three industry interest linkage mechanisms,and builds industrial development,technical support,and sales services. The platform for sustainable development of the industry has achieved significant poverty alleviation effects. By investigating the industrial poverty alleviation practices of 15 villages(communities)in 13 townships(streets)of the county and the 609 households’ industrial poverty alleviation livelihood response:(1)The response situation of the industrial poverty alleviation farmers in Weng’an County is generally good. The farmers’ perception is high and the willingness is strong,but the farmer’s response intensity decreases from perception,willingness to action. In the four dimensions of farmer response,the response intensity from weak to strong is the livelihood output response,livelihood capital response,livelihood spatial response,and livelihood response.(2)The influencing factors of the industrial poverty alleviation farmers in Weng’an County are mainly reflected in the five aspects of cadres’ assistance,farmers’ family status,industrial funds in place,geographical environment and industry type,and grassroots organization construction.(3)The poverty-prone path and mechanism of industrial poverty alleviation in Weng’an County mainly includes asset poverty,income poverty,capacity poverty,and mental poverty. Based on the investigation,it is concluded that the county’s industrial poverty alleviation and sustainable poverty alleviation are the core,the farmers’ response is the key point,the participation of all parties is the key,the steady and steady is the fundamental,the hard work is the guarantee,and the industrial function can be optimized. Improve the quality of poverty alleviation,consolidate the effectiveness of assistance,and lay a solid foundation for poverty alleviation.

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    作者简介
    游俊:游俊,湖南省高校2011协同创新中心“武陵山片区扶贫与发展”协同创新中心主任,湖南省特色专业智库“民族地区扶贫与发展研究中心”主任,二级教授,博士生导师,中国民族学学会、中国民族史学会副会长,研究方向为民族地区发展。
    李晓冰:李晓冰,吉首大学历史与文化学院2017级民族学专业博士生,研究方向为民族地区扶贫与发展。
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